Bibliography and footnotes

All articles and bibliographic reviews must be submitted according to the indications of Chicago Style.

It can be consulted in: Chicago Style. 16ª ed. Chicago: TheUniversity of Chicago Press, 2010 (http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/home.html).

The Manual de estilo de Chicago roposes two ways to cite the sources consulted in the preparation of an academic paper. The first one is with footnotes and, if deemed necessary, as is the case, a bibliography at the end of the document. It is the style mostly used in art, history and literature texts, and the one adopted by ZARCH.

Below, there are examples of the type of documents that are most frequently cited. It is explanined how to cite them in the footnotes and also in the bibliography, following the aforementioned "Chicago style". At the end, some general notes on citations and bibliographies are detailed.

 

1. BOOKS

1.1 Books with one author

Foodnote

If the author is a person, the name and last name at least must be indicated, the first letters in capital letters and the rest in lower case, separated from the rest by a comma.

If the author is an institution, the name of the institution will be indicated with the first letter in capital letters and the rest in lower case. Acronyms may be added at the end and between parentheses.

The title will be reflected as it appears in the book, in italics.

1. Manuel Castells, The rise of the dual city. Social theory and social trends (Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1990), 88-93. 

2. Dirección General de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (DGAU), Ley sobre Régimen del Suelo y Ordenación Urbana (Madrid: Ministerio de la Gobernación, 1956), 51.

Bibliography

If the author is a person, at least one last name and first name will be indicated, separated by a comma, the first letters with capital letters and the rest with lower case, and separated from the rest by a comma.

Castells, Manuel. The rise of the dual city. Social theory and social trends. Madrid: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 1990. 

Dirección General de Arquitectura y Urbanismo (DGAU). Ley sobre Régimen del Suelo y Ordenación Urbana. Madrid: Ministerio de la Gobernación, 1956.

1.2 Books with two or more authors

Foodnote

In the case of books with two or three authors, the same procedure will be followed as in the previous case.

In the case of books with more than three authors, the footnotes must include the name of the first author followed by "et al.".

1. Vittorio Savi and Josep Maria Montaner, Less is more. Minimalismo en arquitectura y otras artes (Barcelona: Col·legi d'Arquitectes/Actar, 1996), 45.

2. Joaquín Bosque Sendra et al., Prácticas de geografía de la percepción y de la actividad cotidiana (Vilassar de Mar, España: Oikos-Tau, 1992), 41-43.

Bibliography

In the case of books with two or three authors, the same procedure will be followed as in the previous case, separating the different authors by semicolons.

In the bibliography, when dealing with books with more than three authors, it will be advisable to put all the authors.

Bosque Sendra, Joaquín; de Castro Aguirre, Constancio; Díaz Muñoz, María Ángeles; Escobar Martínez, Francisco Javier. Prácticas de geografía de la percepción y de la actividad cotidiana. Vilassar de Mar (España): Oikos-Tau, 1992.

Savi, Vittorio and Josep Maria Montaner. Less is more. Minimalismo en arquitectura y otras artes. Barcelona: Col·legi d'Arquitectes/Actar, 1996. 

1.3 Edited, coordinated or compiled books

The names are indicated in the appropriate way for the case and then the responsibility is indicated with abbreviations. In works in which the cited author intervened as editor, coordinator or compiler, this clarification is placed after the name, with the corresponding abbreviation: "ed.", "coord." or "comp."

If the main responsibility, authorship or others, is unknown, the title will be recorded as the first element.

Foodnote

1. Michel Senouillet, ed., Duchamp du signe: écrits (Paris: Flammarion, 1975).

2. Ruinas de Conimbriga (Lisbon: Instituto Portugués de Museus, 1997).

Bibliography

Ruinas de Conimbriga. Lisbon: Instituto Portugués de Museus, 1997.

Senouillet, Michel, ed. Duchamp du signe: écrits. Paris: Flammarion, 1975.

1.4 Books with corporate author

If one of the works consulted is published by an institution and the name of the authors is not specified, the name of the institution will be placed as the author in the bibliography, even if it is also involved as publisher. If the same institution is mentioned several times, acronyms can be used instead of the full name, specifying it in the bibliography.

Footnote

1. Ayuntamiento de Madrid, Madrid: Cuarenta años de desarrollo urbano (Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 1981), 83.

Bibliography

AM. Ver Ayuntamiento de Madrid.

Ayuntamiento de Madrid. Cuarenta años de desarrollo urbano. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 1981. 

1.5 Chapter of a book with a single author

Footnote

Name and Surname(s), “Book chapter title in quotes”, Secondary responsibility (if any: ed., coord., etc.), Publication title in italics (City: Publisher in parentheses), pages.

1. Iñaki Ábalos, “La casa de Zaratustra”, in La buena vida. Visita guiada a las casas de la modernidad (Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 2000), 13-36.

Bibliography

Surname name. Book chapter title. Secondary responsibility (if any: ed., coord., etc.). Publication title in italics, pages. City: Publisher, Year. 

Ábalos, Iñaki. La casa de Zaratustra. In La buena vida. Visita guiada a las casas de la modernidad, 13-36. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 2000. 

1.6 Chapter of a book with several authors

Footnote

1. Marcello Fagiolo, “Le Corbusier versus Paris. Dal Plan Voisin alla Ville Radieuse: il cimitero della storia”, in Le Corbusier. La progettazione come mutamento, Cesare Blasi y Gabriella Padovano, coord. (Milan: Mazzotta, 1986), 129-44.

Bibliography

Fagiolo, Marcello. Le Corbusier versus Paris. Dal Plan Voisin alla Ville Radieuse: il cimitero della storia. In Le Corbusier. La progettazione come mutamento, coords. Cesare Blasi y Gabriella Padovano, 129-44. Milan: Mazzotta, 1986. 

1.7 Multiple chapters from the same book

If multiple chapters of the same book by multiple authors are cited, the book itself, as well as specific contributions, may be included in the bibliography. Individual contributions can refer to the publisher's book, to avoid having a repetitive bibliography.

Footnote

1. Jacques Gubler, “¿La crujía es un tipo?”, in Louis I. Kahn, ed. Maurizio Sabini (Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1994), 81-92.

2. Jacques Lucan, “De Gaudet a Kahn: el tema de la sala”, in Louis I. Kahn, ed. Maurizio Sabini (Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1994), 93-102.

Bibliography

Gubler, Jacques. ¿La crujía es un tipo? In Sabini 1994, 81-92.

Lucan, Jacques. De Gaudet a Kahn: el tema de la sala. In Sabini 1994, 93-102.

Sabini, Maurizio, ed. Louis I. Kahn. Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1994.

1.8 Following editions

The edition number of the work will be indicated as long as it is not the first. It will be done by means of the ordinal followed by the abbreviation "ed.", placed after the title.

Footnote

1. Fernando Moral, Hormigón armado, 2nd ed. (Madrid: Dossat, 1942), 155.

Bibliogrphy

Moral Fernando. Hormigón armado. 2nd ed. Madrid: Dossat, 1942. 

1.9 Books published in volumes

Footnote

1. Miguel Lasso de la Vega Zamora, Quintas de recreo. Las casas de campo de la aristocracia alrededor de Madrid, vol. 2, Los Carabancheles (Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 2007), 449.

Bibliography

Lasso de la Vega Zamora. Los Carabancheles. Vol. 2 of Quintas de recreo. Las casas de campo de la aristocracia alrededor de Madrid. Madrid: Ayuntamiento de Madrid, 2007. 

1.10 Editions

As can be seen in all the previous examples, the place of publication will be indicated followed by a "colon", the name of the publisher or institution that publishes the work followed by a "comma" and the year of publication.

Valencia: Iseebooks, 2008.

If there are more than two cities or publishers, they are separated with a "hyphen".

San Diego–New York–London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1981.

New York: Columbia University–Rizzoli, 1993.

Zaragoza: Universidad de Zaragoza–Abington (England): Woodhead, 1993.

If the city is not well known, the name of the country or state to which it belongs can be added in parentheses.

Cheshire (Connecticut): Graphic Press, 1998.

If any of the elements is unknown, it will be indicated as follows: s.p. (no place of publication), s.e. (without publisher), and s.y. (no year of publication).

Martorell, Vicente. El rendimiento y el coste en la construcción. Formación de precios compuestos. Barcelona: s.p., 1958. 

If the document has any special characteristics regarding its edition, it can be noted (typed edition, not published, etc.).

Manzini, Ezio. La materia dell’invenzione. Milan: Arcadia-Montedison, 1986. Reprint and translation by the Centre Pompidou/CCI, Paris, 1989.

 

2. JOURNALS AND PERIODICS

The title, responsibility and edition, as specified for the books. The identification of the number, issue or issue with number and/or date, depending on the type of journal.

2.1 Broadcast Magazine Articles

Weekly or monthly magazines are cited only by the date of publication.

Even if the exact page of a citation is included, the pages where the article is found are not included, since they usually include material other than that of interest (for example, advertising).

Foodnote

1. Luis Alonso García, “El espejo, la máscara y la daga (Tren de sombras, José Luis Guerín, 1997), Banda aparte, October 1998, 33.

Bibliography

Alonso García, Luis. El espejo, la máscara y la daga (Tren de sombras, José Luis Guerín, 1997). Banda aparte, October 1998.

2.2 Articles from academic and specialized journals

Foodnote

1. Kenneth Frampton, "Talento tectónico", AV Monografías 60 (May-June 2003): 101.

2. Giacomo Polin, "Silvano Zorzi. In. Co. Un nuovo viadotto", Casabella 490 (April 1983): 2-11.

3. Luis Sainz y Gutiérrez, “Datos históricos acerca de la construcción del puente llamado de Córdoba en la carretera de primer orden de Madrid á Cádiz”, Revista de Obras Públicas. Anales (1894): 13.

Bibliografphy

Frampton, Kenneth. Talento tectónico. AV Monografías 60 (May-June 2003): 101.

Polin, Giacomo. Silvano Zorzi. In. Co. Un nuovo viadotto. Casabella 490 (April 1983): 2-11.

Sainz y Gutiérrez, Luis. Datos históricos acerca de la construcción del puente llamado de Córdoba en la carretera de primer orden de Madrid á Cádiz. Revista de Obras Públicas. Anales (1894): 13.

2.3 Newspaper articles

Newspaper articles can be cited in the body of the text (“as Delfín Rodríguez pointed out in ABC cultural on February 16, 2013…”), instead of in a footnote. They are not normally included in the bibliography or reference list. The following examples show the more formal ways of quoting them.

Foodnote

1. Delfín Rodríguez, "Cuando la naturaleza se hizo paisaje", ABC cultural, 16 of February of 2013, section Arte.

Bibliography

Rodríguez, Delfín. Cuando la naturaleza se hizo paisaje. ABC cultural, 16 of February 2013, section Arte.

2.4 Doctoral tesis

If the thesis is published, the reference will follow the Monographs model, maintaining the institution in which it has been presented.

Footnote

Name and Surname(s), "Title of the thesis" (Class of thesis, Address, Academic institution in which it is presented, place, year), pages.

1. José María de Arana del Valle, "El color en el siglo XIX. Utilización de fondos de colores oscuros en los revestimientos de paramentos interiores en la arquitectura del siglo XIX" (Bachelor's thesis, Departamento de Construcción y Tecnologías Arquitectónicas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, 2013), 77-79.

Bibliography

Surname(s), Name. Thesis title. Thesis class. Address. Academic institution in which it is presented, Place, Year.

De Arana del Valle, José María. El color en el siglo XIX. Utilización de fondos de colores oscuros en los revestimientos de paramentos interiores en la arquitectura del siglo XIX. (Bachelor's thesis. Departamento de Construcción y Tecnologías Arquitectónicas, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid, 2013.

2.5 Lecture, essay or article presented at an academic event

Footnote

1. José Tamés Alarcón. “Proceso urbanístico total de una comarca, derivado de la creación o transformación de sus fuentes de riqueza” (lecture presented at the III Meeting of Urban Planning Technicians, Institute of Local Administration Studies, Madrid, May 10-14, 1948).

Bibliography

Tamés Alarcón, José. Proceso urbanístico total de una comarca, derivado de la creación o transformación de sus fuentes de riqueza. Lecture presented at the III Meeting of Urban Planning Technicians, Institute of Local Administration Studies, Madrid, May 10-14, 1948.

 

3. ELECTRONIC RESOURCES

3.1 Websites

When consulting pages on the Internet, references should include as much information as possible to determine: author of the content, title of the page, title or owner of the site, and URL.

Footnote

1. Centro de Documentación del Arte Románico (CeDAR), “Iglesia de Santo Domingo de Silos, Alarcón, Cuenca”, Santa María la Real Fountation, http://www.santamarialareal.org/content.aspx?cod=92&sec=109&idsec=109 (consulted the 17 of May of 2012).

 

Bibliografía

CeDAR. See Centro de Documentación del Arte Románico.

Centro de Documentación del Arte Románico. Iglesia de Santo Domingo de Silos, Alarcón, Cuenca. Santa María la Real Foundation. http://www.santamarialareal.org/content.aspx?cod=92&sec=109&idsec=109 (consulted the 17 of May of 2012).

In sites with more or less informal content, such as personal pages, and the titles can vary, descriptive phrases can be used.

1. Official website of the Gio Ponti archives, “Ritratti”, http://www.giopontiarchives.org/quadro1.html.

3.2 CD-ROMs and DVDs

Compact discs are cited the same as printed works. The place of publication and date are omitted unless relevant.

Bibliography

Istituto Universitario di Architettura di Venezia. Dipartimento di Storia dell'Architettura. Tomba monumentale Brion. Il rilievo 1998-2000. DVD, 2000. 

Faximil Edicions Digitals. Universitat de València. Cartografía histórica de la ciudad de Valencia (1608-1929). CD-ROM, 2004.

3.3 Legislation

To refer to articles from various legislations, the name of the legislation is placed as the author in the bibliography. If the same legislation is used several times, acronyms can be used instead of the full name, specifying it in the bibliography.

Footnote

1. Ordenanzas Municipales de la Villa de Madrid (Madrid: Imprenta Municipal, 1892), chapter XII, article 365, 4ª.

Bibliography

OMVM. Ver Ordenanzas Municipales de la Villa de Madrid.

Ordenanzas Municipales de la Villa de Madrid. Madrid: Imprenta Municipal, 1892.

 

4. NOTES

4.1 When the same work is cited several times with footnotes, after the second time only a concise reference to the work can be included, since the reader already has the complete information. In this way, the use of expressions such as “op.cit.”, which can be confusing, is avoided.

1. Peter Hall, Ciudades del mañana. Historia del urbanismo en el siglo XX (Barcelona: Ediciones del Serbal, 1996), 215-52.

5. Hall, Ciudades del mañana, 86.

1. Carles Fochs, J.A. Coderch de Sentmenat. 1913-1984 (Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1989), 37-42.

4. Fochs, Coderch de Sentmenat, 18.

4.2 Bibliographies should be arranged in alphabetical order, paragraphs should be indented hanging. When several works by the same author are included, starting with the second, his name is replaced with five consecutive hyphens and they are organized by year of publication. If an author has several works in the same year, letters (a, b, c...) are added to the year to differentiate them.

Préstamo y Hernández, Felipe. Cuba. Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Miami: Ediciones Universal, 1995.

Rigau, Jorge y Stout, Nancy. Havana. New York: Rizzoli, 1994.

Rodríguez, Eduardo Luis. La Habana. Arquitectura del siglo XX. Barcelona: Blume, 1998.

_____, ed. La Arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno. Selección de Obras del Registro Nacional. Docomomo Cuba. La Habana: Ediciones Unión, 2011. 

Rodríguez Alomá, Patricia. Viaje en la memoria. Apuntes para un acercamiento a La Habana Vieja. Pamplona: Colegio Oficial de Arquitectos Vasco Navarro (COAVN), 1996.

Scarpaci, Joseph L.; Segre, Roberto; Coyula, Mario. Havana. Two Faces of the Antillean Metropolis. Chapel Hill (Carolina del Norte): The University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

Segre, Roberto. Transformación urbana en Cuba: La Habana. Barcelona: Gustavo Gili, 1974. 

_____. Havana. From Tacón to Forestier. In Planning Latin America´s Capital Cities.1850-1950, ed. Arturo Almandoz, 193-213. London: Routledge, 2002. 

_____. La Perle des Antilles: Ombres et Utopies Tropicales de La Havane. In Cruaté & Utopie. Villes et paysages d´Amerique latine, ed.Jean-François Lejeune, 134-45. Brussels: Centre international pour la ville, l’architecture et le paysage (CINVA), 2003. 

_____. Arquitectura y Urbanismo de la Revolución Cubana. La Habana: Editorial Félix Varela, 2008. 

Taschen, Angelika y Pérez Hernández, Julio César. Inside Havana. Colonia: Taschen, 2011.

Treister, Kenneth; Préstamo, Felipe; García, Raúl B. A Pictorial and Cultural History of an Unforgettable City. Gainesville (Florida): University Press of Florida, 2009.

4.3 Normally, the names of the authors must be included as they appear in the consulted work. Some works do not specify the first names of the authors and only have initials, so it is not necessary to investigate the full name.

4.4 In Spanish, most authors specify their two last names. These can be included in the bibliography, but in the citations within the text it is enough to put the first surname.

4.5 When handling page numbers, only the digits that change should be included. For example, if an article is found between pages 245 and 268 of a journal, only “245-68” will be written in the citations and bibliography.